A graduate of the Université de Sherbrooke in Economics and Environmental Management, Minister Bibeau began her career at the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

After working as a project manager for ten years, including an internship in Morocco and a one-year position in Benin, she returned to the Eastern Townships, in Quebec, to start a family and become an accomplished tourism entrepreneur, while also being very involved in her community.

Elected Member of Parliament for Compton-Stanstead in October 2015, Marie-Claude Bibeau was instrumental in developing and implementing Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy while she was Minister of International Development and La Francophonie, something she is very proud of to this day. Her leadership in empowering women and girls even earned her World Vision’s 2019 Voice of Children Award and Care’s Global Leaders Network Humanitarian Award in 2018.

In March 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made Madam Bibeau Canada's first female Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food. As federal Minister, she wasresponsible for supporting agricultural producers in managing their risks, and fostering the growth of the sector through research, innovation, and market development. She notably reached an agreement of $3.5 billion with her provincial and territorial colleagues to establish the Sustainable Canadian Agriculture Partnership (2023-2028).

Appointed Minister of National Revenue in August 2023, her vision is to ensure that the Canada Revenue Agency is recognized for its concrete and effective contribution to the redistribution of wealth across the country.

In every position that she holds, Minister Bibeau encourages the active participation of women and young people in the decision-making process.